Internalising mental health symptoms is a broad ‘umbrella’ term to describe covert behaviours and over-restrictive patterns of reactions. Common examples of internalising symptoms in the general population of children include emotional symptoms (e.g., being unhappy or downhearted) and peer problems (e.g., being socially withdrawn, having few friends).
How are externalising mental health symptoms defined?
Externalising mental health symptoms is morocco rcs data another ‘umbrella’ term used to describe overt behavioural difficulties. In the general child population, common types of externalizing difficulties include hyperactivity (e.g., being restless or fidgety) and conduct problems (e.g., bullying other children or having temper tantrums) (see Katsantonis & Symonds and Goodman et al.).
Methodology
To address the research question of how children’s mental health and prosociality were related over time, data from the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study were utilised. Access to the data was obtained from the UK Data Service. Multiple waves of data from the Millennium Cohort Study were used and, specifically, data at ages 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years were utilised in the present research study. Children’s data were merged over time, so that I had the exact same children that participated at least once across waves.